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Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport is, as of calendar year 2014, the largest, by passenger count, of three major airports serving the Baltimore–Washington Metropolitan Area in the United States, the other two being Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport and Washington Dulles International Airport. It is commonly referred to as BWI or BWI Marshall. Located next to the CDP Linthicum〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Linthicum CDP, Maryland )〕 in northern unincorporated Anne Arundel County, Maryland, the airport is about south of Baltimore〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Driving Directions: Baltimore, MD )〕 and northeast of Washington, D.C.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Driving Directions: Washington DC )〕 The airport is named after Thurgood Marshall, a Baltimore native who was the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. BWI is a focus city for Southwest Airlines, the third largest airport by number of departures for that airline after Chicago Midway and Las Vegas as of its June 2015 schedule.〔(Corporate fact sheet Retrieved on March 5, 2015. )〕 With a 71% market share in 2014〔(Monthly Statistical Report Summary Retrieved on March 5, 2015. )〕 (including subsidiary AirTran), BWI is also a fortress hub for Southwest. A record 22.7 million passengers traveled through BWI in 2012,〔(Press release Retrieved on March 5, 2015. )〕 an increase of 1.3% over the previous year. BWI was the 23rd busiest airport of North America and the 69th in the world in 2013 by number of passengers. In 2010 BWI was ranked as the best airport of its size (15–25 mil. passengers) in the world by the Airports Council International based on its 2009 Airport Service Quality survey. The airport also won second place for North American airports in the "Best Food and Beverage Program" of the 2010 Richard A. Griesbach Excellence in Airport Concessions Contest, sponsored by the Airports Council International. Police services are provided by the Maryland Transportation Authority Police. ==History== Planning for a new airport on to serve the Baltimore/Washington area began just before the end of World War II. In 1944, the Baltimore Aviation Commission decided the best location to built a new airport would be near Linthicum Heights.〔"(Arundel Tract Favored For Baltimore Airport )". ''The Washington Post.'' August 11, 1944. p. 7〕 The State Aviation Commission approved as well,〔"(Linthicum Heights Airport Approved )". ''The Washington Post''. March 17, 1946. p. M3〕 the land was purchased near Friendship Methodist Church in 1946, and ground was broken in 1947.〔("BWI History at a Glance" ) BWI Airport Timeline: 1784–1947, retrieved December 27, 2011.〕 Located in Anne Arundel County, Maryland next to the site where Friendship Methodist Church stood until 1948,〔Friendship Methodist Church closed after holding its last service on Easter Sunday in 1948. It was razed to make room for the new airport. 〕 Friendship International Airport was dedicated on June 24, 1950, by President Harry Truman. At the time, it had the only commercial jet service in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area.〔"(New Name for Airport )". ''The Washington Post''. October 2, 1973. p. A7.〕 Truman arrived in the Independence from Washington National carrying Governor William Preston Lane, Jr. and Baltimore Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr. on his first aircraft flight. The following month the airlines moved to the new airport from Baltimore Municipal Airport (southeast of Baltimore at ). The Official Airline Guide for April 1957 shows 52 weekday departures: 19 Eastern, 12 Capital, 8 American, 4 National, 3 TWA, 3 United, 2 Delta, and 1 Allegheny. Miami had a couple of nonstop flights, but westward nonstop flights did not reach beyond Ohio; Baltimore's reach expanded when jet service started. The early Boeing 707s and Douglas DC-8s could not use Washington National Airport and Washington Dulles International Airport did not open until 1962, so Baltimore became Washington's jet airport in May–June 1959 when American and TWA began transcontinental 707 flights.〔("BWI History at a Glance" ) BWI Airport Timeline: 1950–59, retrieved November 16, 2009〕 The State of Maryland, through the Maryland Department of Transportation, purchased Friendship International Airport from the City of Baltimore for $36 million in 1972. Under MDOT, the Maryland State Aviation Administration took over airfield operations and grew from three employees to more than 200. Plans to upgrade, improve, and modernize all Maryland airport facilities were announced almost immediately by the Secretary of Transportation, Harry Hughes. In order to attract passengers from the Washington metropolitan area, particularly Montgomery and Prince George's counties,〔 the airport was renamed Baltimore/Washington International Airport, effective November 16, 1973.〔 The first phase of the airport's modernization was completed in 1974 at a cost of $30 million. Upgrades included improved instrument landing capabilities and runway systems, and construction of three new air cargo terminals, expanding the airport's freight capacity to .〔 The passenger terminal renovation program was complete in 1979, the most dramatic work of the airport's modernization, which was designed by DMJM along with Peterson & Brickbauer.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Projects: BWI Airport )〕 The BWI terminal more than doubled in size to ; the number of gate positions increased from 20 to 27. The total cost was $70 million. To continue the work, the BWI Development Council was established to support initiatives for airport development.〔("BWI History at a Glance" ) BWI Airport Timeline: 1970–79, retrieved November 17, 2009〕 The BWI Rail Station opened in 1980, providing a rail connection to passengers on the busy Northeast Corridor through Amtrak. BWI was the first airport in the U.S. with a dedicated intercity rail station.〔("BWI History at a Glance" ) BWI Airport Timeline: 1980–89, retrieved November 17, 2009〕 In particular, the station provided relatively easy transit access to Washington, D.C., something that Dulles will not have until 2018 at the earliest. In 1997 a new international terminal (Concourse E), designed by STV Group and William Nicholas Bodouva & Associates, was added, though Dulles continues to hold the lion's share of the region's international flights, and BWI has not attracted many long-haul international carriers. British Airways has had a presence at BWI for many years. AerLingus, Air Jamaica, Air Aruba, Air Greenland, El Al, Ghana Airways, Icelandair, KLM, Ladeco, and Mexicana previously flew to BWI. Military flights, operated by the U.S. Air Force's Air Mobility Command, continue to have a significant presence at BWI. In the first half of the 1990s runway 15L/33R was extended 1,800 feet from 3,199 feet to its current length of 5,000 feet allowing it to be used for smaller passenger jets like the 737. Beginning in the 1980s and later for much of the 1990s, BWI was a major hub for Piedmont Airlines and successor US Airways, but that airline's financial difficulties in the wake of the dot-com bust, the September 11 attacks, and intense low fare competition forced it to reduce its presence at the airport. The airport has been a major haven for low-cost flights in the Baltimore/Washington Metropolitan Area since Southwest Airlines' arrival in September 1993 and subsequent expansion in the early 2000s. Southwest is the airport's largest carrier, accounting for 56.12% of passengers carried in 2011.〔(2008 North American Final Rankings ). Airports Council International, retrieved February 17, 2010.〕 Southwest Airlines currently serves on average 245 daily departures to destinations in the US, Mexico and the Caribbean. To accommodate Southwest's extensive presence at the airport, in 2005 Concourses A and B were expanded, renovated, and integrated with one another to house all of that airline's operations there. This new facility, designed by URS Corporation, opened on May 22, 2005. On October 1 of that year, the airport was renamed again, to Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport, to honor the former US Supreme Court justice, who grew up in Baltimore.〔("BWI History at a Glance" ) BWI Airport Timeline: 2005, retrieved November 17, 2009〕 On Aug 5, 2014, little-used runway 04-22 was permanently closed.〔http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2010-12-13/features/bs-md-airport-runways-20101209_1_bwi-plans-runway-project-paul-wiedefeld〕 It was only 6,000 feet long and used primarily when the main runways needed to be closed for repairs. The last operation on the runway was a Southwest Airlines flight from Chicago Midway that arrived at 4:18 AM.〔http://www.bwiairport.com/en/about-bwi/press-releases/1135〕 The airport has been a backdrop in numerous films, including ''The Silence of the Lambs'', ''Goldfinger'', ''Broadcast News'', and ''Twelve Monkeys''. In late 2008, ''Health'' magazine named BWI the second healthiest airport in the United States.〔Formichelli, Linda. "(Magazine picks America's healthiest airports )." ''CNN''. Wednesday December 17, 2008. Retrieved on October 21, 2009.〕 In 2009 the airport had a six percent increase in air travelers due to the proliferation of discount flights.〔Walker, Andrea K. "(BWI gains altitude )." ''The Baltimore Sun''. October 21, 2009. Retrieved on October 21, 2009.〕 In a 2009 survey of airport service quality by Airports Council International, BWI was the world's top ranking airport in the 15-to-25-million-passenger category.〔("ACI Airport Service Quality Awards 2009" ) Airports Council International, retrieved February 17, 2010〕 BWI also ranked seventh, in medium-sized airports, based on customer satisfaction conducted by J.D Power and Associates. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Baltimore–Washington International Airport」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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